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| Transport Package: | Drum |
| Specification: | 99% |
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Duloxetine HCL, known by the brand name Cymbalta among others, is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). It is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), general anxiety disorder (GAD), diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia. Duloxetine is also used to treat chronic musculoskeletal pain, including pain from osteoarthritis and low back pain.
Mechanism of Action: Duloxetine works by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, which are neurotransmitters in the brain. By increasing the levels of these chemicals in the brain, duloxetine helps to improve mood and alleviate pain.
Pharmacokinetics: The drug is well absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring 6 to 10 hours after ingestion. It is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 system, primarily by the CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 enzymes. The half-life of duloxetine is approximately 12 hours, and it is excreted mainly in the urine.
Dosage and Administration: The typical starting dose for depression is 20 mg to 30 mg per day, which can be increased based on the patient's response and tolerance. For pain conditions, the starting dose may be higher. Duloxetine should be taken at the same time each day, usually in the morning or evening.
Safety and Precautions: Duloxetine should be used with caution in patients with a history of liver disease, kidney disease, or heart conditions. It is also recommended that patients with a history of suicidal thoughts or behaviors be closely monitored, as antidepressants can increase the risk of suicidal ideation, particularly in children and young adults.
Adverse Effects: Common side effects include nausea, dry mouth, constipation, dizziness, and sleep disturbances. More serious side effects can include increased liver enzymes, serotonin syndrome, and withdrawal symptoms if the medication is stopped abruptly.
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