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Lentil protein, derived from the nutritious lentil seeds (Lens culinaris), is gaining recognition as a sustainable and healthy alternative to animal-derived proteins . Lentils are not only rich in protein but also contain a variety of essential nutrients, such as dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and polyphenols, which contribute to their numerous health benefits .
One of the key advantages of lentil protein is its high nutritional value, with good Leucine/Isoleucine (Leu/Ile) and Leucine/Lysine (Leu/Lys) ratios, and a high digestibility of approximately 83% . Lentils are especially known for their high lysine content, an essential amino acid that complements cereal-based proteins in a balanced diet .
The health benefits of lentil protein are extensive. Lentils can help protect against chronic diseases like diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and certain types of cancer due to their polyphenol content, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties . They are also known to lower blood pressure due to their high potassium content and improve heart health by reducing bad cholesterol levels .
In terms of functionality, lentil proteins exhibit a range of techno-functional properties, such as solubility, emulsifying, foaming, and gelation capacities . These attributes make them suitable for various applications in the food industry, including as a protein source for meat analogs, in bakery products, salad dressings, and even as an ingredient in gluten-free foods .