| Customization: | Available |
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| Type: | Human Nutrition |
| Chemical Character: | Neutral |
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Creatine (CAS No. 57-00-1) is an endogenous amino acid derivative that plays a crucial role in cellular energy, particularly in muscle and brain tissues . It is naturally synthesized in the human body from arginine, glycine, and methionine, primarily in the liver, kidney, and pancreas. Creatine is essential for the rapid production of ATP in skeletal muscle tissue, functioning as a high-energy reservoir for the regeneration of ATP, which is vital during periods of intense exercise .
As a supplement, creatine is used to enhance athletic performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. It helps muscle cells store energy, which can improve exercise tolerance and delay the onset of fatigue. Additionally, creatine is being investigated for its potential neuroprotective and cardioprotective actions, as well as its use in treating various conditions such as gyrate atrophy, McArdle's disease, muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and congestive heart disease .
The chemical is described as a white powder with a melting point of approximately 303°C. It is slightly soluble in water and can be crystallized from boiling water to form the monohydrate. Creatine is also synthesized industrially through several methods, one of which involves the reaction of urea and dimethyl sulfate to produce O-methyl isourea sulfate, which then reacts with sodium sarcosinate to generate creatine monohydrate .
In terms of safety, low-purity creatine may contain harmful byproducts such as dicyandiamide, which can increase the renal excretion burden. However, creatine of 99.99% purity has a dicyandiamide content of less than 20 PPM, ensuring its safety for consumption .
For research purposes, creatine is used as a nutraceutical and in biochemical research, with applications in the study of muscle and brain energy metabolism . It is also utilized in the development of pharmaceutical formulations containing human growth hormones and compound health foods with anti-aging and physical power-recovery effects.
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