| Customization: | Available |
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| Type: | Lidocaine |
| Theory: | Lidocaine |
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Lidocaine, known chemically as 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide, is a widely used local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic agent. First synthesized in 1943, it has become a cornerstone in medical practice due to its rapid onset, effectiveness, and versatility.
Mechanism of Action:
Local Anesthesia: Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in neuronal membranes, inhibiting the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses, thereby preventing pain signals.
Antiarrhythmic: Stabilizes cardiac cell membranes by inhibiting sodium influx, particularly in ventricular tissues, to treat abnormal heart rhythms.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Rapidly absorbed through mucous membranes and skin (topical forms) or via injection.
Metabolism: Primarily metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Excretion: Eliminated via the kidneys (90% as metabolites, 10% unchanged).
Local Anesthesia:
Surface Anesthesia: Creams, gels, or sprays for minor procedures (e.g., dental work, endoscopy).
Infiltration/Regional Anesthesia: Injected to numb specific areas (e.g., suturing, biopsies).
Nerve Blocks: Epidural or spinal anesthesia for surgery or labor pain management.
Cardiology:
Ventricular Arrhythmias: Used intravenously to treat life-threatening arrhythmias (e.g., ventricular tachycardia).
Topical Uses:
Pain Relief: Patches or gels for post-herpetic neuralgia, burns, or insect bites.
Mucosal Procedures: Lubricants for urinary catheterization or intubation.
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