| Customization: | Available |
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| Type: | Human Nutrition |
| Chemical Character: | Neutral |
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Carbocisteine is an expectorant mucolytic agent utilized for the relief of respiratory conditions such as COPD, which are characterized by increased mucus viscosity . As a mucolytic drug, it operates by reducing the viscosity of mucus, thereby facilitating its expulsion and alleviating respiratory symptoms and infections . Carbocisteine is also indicated to clear airway secretions in conditions associated with increased mucus production .
The mechanism of action involves restoring the balance between sialomucins and fucomucins, likely by intracellular stimulation of the sialyl transferase enzyme, which in turn reduces mucus viscosity . Additionally, it has been shown to have in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity and may possess antioxidant effects that prevent apoptosis of lung cells .
Carbocisteine is rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, with peak serum concentrations achieved within 1 to 1.7 hours. It is metabolized primarily through sulfoxidation, although there is significant variability in metabolism due to genetic polymorphisms . The drug has a plasma half-life of approximately 1.33 hours and is eliminated primarily through the urine, with 30% to 60% of an orally administered dose being detected unchanged .
It is worth noting that carbocisteine is not FDA or Health Canada approved but is approved for use in other regions such as Asia, Europe, and South America . The drug is available in various forms including syrup, solution, powder, granules, capsules, and tablets, with different strengths indicated for oral administration.
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