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Soy protein is a nutrient-rich supplement derived from soybeans, which are legumes native to East Asia. It is an excellent source of plant-based protein, making it a popular choice for vegetarians, vegans, and those who avoid dairy products. Soy protein is cholesterol-free and contains very little saturated fat, offering a heart-healthy alternative to animal proteins .
Soy protein is available in three main forms: soy protein isolate, soy protein concentrate, and textured soy protein (TSP) or textured vegetable protein (TVP) . Isolate is the most refined and has the highest biological value, meaning the body can efficiently use the ingested protein. Concentrate retains most of the fiber, which is beneficial for digestive health, while TSP or TVP is often used as a meat substitute and is made from larger pieces or chunks of soy protein concentrate .
The health benefits of soy protein are numerous. It is high in protein, providing all nine essential amino acids necessary for muscle and bone growth and repair. A half-cup serving of soybeans contains approximately 15.5 grams of protein, comparable to the protein found in 2 ounces of fish, chicken, or beef . Additionally, soy protein is a good source of heart-healthy fats, primarily monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, which can help improve blood cholesterol levels when used in place of saturated and trans fats .