| Customization: | Available |
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| CAS No.: | 57-88-5 |
| Formula: | C27h46o |
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Product name: Cholesterol
CAS No: 57-88-5
Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.
Cholesterol is biosynthesized by all animal cells[citation needed] and is an essential structural and signaling component of animal cell membranes. In vertebrates, hepatic cells typically produce the greatest amounts. In the brain, astrocytes produce cholesterol and transport it to neurons. It is absent among prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), although there are some exceptions, such as Mycoplasma, which require cholesterol for growth. Cholesterol also serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, bile acid and vitamin D.
Elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood, especially when bound to low-density lipoprotein (LDL, often referred to as "bad cholesterol"), may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Application and Effect
1. Structural Role in Cell Membranes
Cholesterol is a crucial component of cell membranes in animals. It is interspersed among the phospholipids that form the basic bilayer structure of the cell membrane. The presence of cholesterol helps to regulate the fluidity of the membrane. At high temperatures, it restricts the movement of phospholipid molecules, preventing the membrane from becoming too fluid and losing its integrity. Conversely, at low temperatures, it disrupts the close packing of phospholipids that would otherwise lead to membrane rigidity. For example, in red blood cells, the right amount of cholesterol in the cell membrane is essential for maintaining their flexibility as they squeeze through narrow capillaries.
It also affects the permeability of the cell membrane. By modulating the packing of lipids, cholesterol can influence the ability of substances such as ions and small molecules to pass through the membrane. This is vital for processes like nutrient uptake and waste removal by cells.
2. Bile Acid Synthesis
In the liver, cholesterol is converted into bile acids. Bile acids are secreted into the small intestine and play a key role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. They emulsify fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets. This increases the surface area of the fats, allowing pancreatic lipase (a digestive enzyme) to more effectively hydrolyze the fats into fatty acids and glycerol, which can then be absorbed by the intestinal cells.
3. Potential Negative Effects of High Cholesterol Levels
When cholesterol levels in the blood are too high, it can lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. LDL (low - density lipoprotein) cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, can deposit cholesterol in the walls of arteries. Macrophages (a type of white blood cell) take up the excess LDL cholesterol and become foam cells. Over time, these cells accumulate and form plaques that can narrow the arteries and restrict blood flow. This can lead to serious cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, angina, and heart attacks.
High cholesterol can also be associated with an increased risk of stroke. If the plaques in the arteries rupture or a blood clot forms and travels to the brain, it can block blood vessels and cause a stroke, which can result in brain damage and various neurological deficits.
Specifications:
| Composition | C3H10BNO2 |
| Assay | 99% |
| Appearance | White or light yellow granules or crystalline powder |
| CAS No. | 57-88-5 |
| Packing | Small and bulk |
| Shelf Life | 2 years |
| Storage | Store in cool and dry area |
| Certification | ISO |
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