Customization: | Available |
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CAS No.: | 107910-75-8 |
Formula: | C9h14n5nao4 |
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Chemical Name: 9-[(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine monosodium salt
Mechanism of Action: Nucleoside analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase. It is phosphorylated to ganciclovi triphosphate, which competitively incorporates into viral DNA, causing chain termination and inhibiting replication.
Spectrum of Activity:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (primary indication)
Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1, HSV-2) (less commonly)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) (limited efficacy)
CMV Retinitis (in immunocompromised patients, especially AIDS).
CMV Prevention/Treatment in organ transplant recipients.
Off-label Uses:
CMV colitis/pneumonitis in HIV patients.
Congenital CMV infection (investigational).
IV Form (Ganciclovi Sodium):
Induction: 5 mg/kg IV every 12h for 14-21 days.
Maintenance: 5 mg/kg IV daily or 6 mg/kg IV 5×/week.
Dose Adjustment: Required for renal impairment (CrCl <80 mL/min).
Hematologic:
Neutropenia (most common, up to 40% of patients).
Thrombocytopenia, anemia (dose-dependent).
Other Common Effects:
Fever, rash, GI disturbances (nausea, diarrhea).
Elevated liver enzymes (AST/ALT).
Serious Risks:
Bone marrow suppression (may require G-CSF).
Seizures (rare, high-dose therapy).
Hypersensitivity to ganciclovi.
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <500 cells/μL.
Pregnancy (Category D)-Teratogenic in animals.