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Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) are a group of prebiotic short-chain carbohydrates that are composed of mannose residues. They are derived from the partial hydrolysis of mannans, which are polysaccharides found in various sources including yeast cell walls such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae . MOS are gaining attention for their potential health benefits and are commonly used as a dietary supplement in animal feed, particularly in the poultry industry, to promote gut health and modulate the immune system .
There are two main types of MOS: α-MOS and β-MOS. α-MOS are obtained by the hydrolysis of α-(1-6) bonds from yeast cell wall mannans, while β-MOS are derived from mannans-rich plants through the cleavage of β-(1-4)-glycosidic bonds . These oligosaccharides are known to selectively stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the gut, thereby improving overall gut health and potentially providing immunomodulatory effects .
The production of MOS can be achieved through various methods, including chemical, enzymatic, mechanical, or physical processes . The choice of method for the extraction and production of MOS often depends on the target application and the desired degree of polymerization. Chemical modification of mannans is also being explored to enhance their specific properties, although this field of research is still in its early stages .
In terms of commercial applications, products rich in MOS or yeast cell wall extracts are available and have been used in animal feed to replace antibiotics, especially in regions where their use is banned . The use of MOS in feed has been associated with improved growth performance, intestinal development, and a healthier microbial balance in the gut of animals
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